Gone to Croatan - this is an amazing collection of essays on the roots of alternative or counter-cultural communities in the United States. When I began researching my familial roots and came across my connections to the Melungeons, Delaware Moors, Native Americans and early western european and African Americans, I realized that there were definite cultural elements in my own makeup that predisposed me to early interest in communal living (lived in an intentional community in my youth and by the way, it wasn't a 'cult'), in yoga, vegetarian diet (I am no longer a vegetarian, much to my great regret), a health regime based on closeness to nature, meditation, a view of the world, the universe and myself as a self-mirroring unity, and other non-mainstream cultural values, practices and beliefs.
Well, this collection of essays tells it all. The first essay deals with a community of mixed Native Americans and others, characterized by a Moorish bias, called the Tribe of Ishmael who followed an annual migration path in what is now the midwest, subscribing a rough triangle between towns with names like Cairo, Mahomet, and Morocco. They were marginalized and eventually obliterated in poverty by the incoming farming culture who despised their peripatetic, subsistence way of life.
The essays also cover the Quakers and other antinomians in the early colonial environment, the roots of the American Revolution in the new proletariat communities of seamen, freed indentured servants and slaves, and others. Initially, these 'crowds' - who had power unlike any in the US today, due to the complete absence of any kind of police forces or militia - as the book mentions, most of the militia men were a part of the 'crowds' - anyway, they worked together with the more respectable, settled landowners in the push for liberty, but after 1787, these populist groups began to be repressed and landowning values asserted predominance in the new republic.
I think part of what forged the alliances among these people, is that so many of the early leaders of the American Revolution came from fairly low artisan classes, such as Benjamin Franklin's candle-maker father, who were bettering themselves but not so far removed from the new 'proletariat'. The latter were particularly formed by the new mass of seamen as a class of land-free, wage-earning laborer. Also, some of the lower levels of British gentry who found land opportunities in the colonies also wanted freedom. But not everyone did, obviously. There were plenty of Tories about, as well. Anyway, the whole picture is much expanded by this book.
Many idealistic communities flourished, if briefly, in early America. The ones we know most about now are the Shakers, the Amish and Hutterites, etc., who have actually survived the test of time. Well, I guess not the Shakers. But the book highlights a few others as well.
I particularly found the Irish-African connections interesting. All this and I've only read the first third of the book.
Night Train to Lisbon - this book is fiction by Pascal Mercier, and it's in translation. The translation is not always very good, and in a way, I enjoy that because it gives me a window into how people are thinking in another language. His name sounds French, but really I have no idea what language the book was originally written in. One of the main threads of the novel is the idea that language shapes our thinking, and what it means to be attuned to that.
The protagonist of the novel, Raimundus Gregorious, is a Swiss teacher of ancient languages - Greek, Latin and Hebrew - who becomes fascinated with Portugese and in particular with a dead Portugese philosopher, doctor and resistance fighter. Gregorious travels to Portugal in search of this maestro of sensitive, self-revelatory, reality-penetrating prose, and finds him - explores and discovers him - through meetings with the people who were close to him in life. As such, there is a bit more character-study in this book than I enjoy, BUT it is all so beautifully written that it is thoroughly worth the effort.
Of course, everything Raimundo Gregorious discovers about Prado relates to himself as well, and I find the development of the character of the protagonist to be the one I am most interested in. What I particularly love about this book is that it goes deep in the area of how much we are all related to one another and how much the past intersects with the present in our lives. Since I am exploring how much the Spanish and Portugese Inquisition affected my own family, and this is all a new discovery for me, our family having denied our history for so many decades, this approach is very meaningful to me right now.
No Title - I have no titles to share on this, but yes, I am still doing a good deal of reading in the area of my Chinese interests. Will post more about the 'Four Pillars' soon.
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